直流調速器工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原理簡述：系統采用(yong)三(san)相半控(kong)雙(shuang)閉環無靜差的直流調速系統，它(ta)的工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原理是(shi)：速度(du)給(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)值(zhi)(zhi)經過(guo)給(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)積(ji)分(fen)(fen)器對時間(jian)(jian)的積(ji)分(fen)(fen)后，變(bian)成(cheng)一個(ge)按時間(jian)(jian)遞增的給(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)訊號。它(ta)與速度(du)負反(fan)饋作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)比較(jiao)后，將差值(zhi)(zhi)給(gei)(gei)速度(du)調節器作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)比例積(ji)分(fen)(fen)運(yun)算(suan)，變(bian)成(cheng)電(dian)流給(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)值(zhi)(zhi)。再將這個(ge)電(dian)流給(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)值(zhi)(zhi)與電(dian)流負反(fan)饋值(zhi)(zhi)進行比較(jiao)，給(gei)(gei)電(dian)流調節器作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)比例積(ji)分(fen)(fen)運(yun)算(suan)，變(bian)成(cheng)觸(chu)發角給(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)值(zhi)(zhi)。此值(zhi)(zhi)去(qu)控(kong)制(zhi)觸(chu)發角調整(zheng)器輸出相對應的觸(chu)發脈(mo)沖(chong)去(qu)控(kong)制(zhi)可控(kong)硅，驅動(dong)直流電(dian)機，使電(dian)機在(zai)給(gei)(gei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)速度(du)之下運(yun)行。現(xian)根據方框圖，我對電(dian)機運(yun)行的幾個(ge)狀態和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)系統的工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)程(cheng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)一些簡述。

　　1、 啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)：當(dang)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)指(zhi)令(ling)還(huan)沒有(you)發出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，整個(ge)系統所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)置零觸(chu)頭部分(fen)都(dou)處于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)閉分(fen)狀態，這時(shi)(shi)給(gei)(gei)定(ding)積(ji)分(fen)器(qi)(qi)、速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)(qi)、觸(chu)發器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)都(dou)為零，觸(chu)發器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)脈沖(chong)被封鎖著，故可控(kong)硅不(bu)導通，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機停(ting)止(zhi)。當(dang)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，按(an)下(xia)氣動(dong)(dong)按(an)鈕，給(gei)(gei)定(ding)積(ji)分(fen)器(qi)(qi)、速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)(qi)、觸(chu)發器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)置零都(dou)被解(jie)除。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)給(gei)(gei)定(ding)積(ji)分(fen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)分(fen)作用(yong)，不(bu)管給(gei)(gei)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)在(zai)什么位置上，積(ji)分(fen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)總(zong)是從零開始遞增，假如(ru)給(gei)(gei)定(ding)在(zai)900轉/分(fen)，那么經 的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間后，積(ji)分(fen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)就穩定(ding)在(zai)+3V。這個(ge)給(gei)(gei)定(ding)值(zhi)與(yu)(yu)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)負(fu)反(fan)饋值(zhi)比較(jiao)，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)剛起動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，給(gei)(gei)定(ding)與(yu)(yu)反(fan)饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)值(zhi)很大(da)，速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)(qi)就很快的(de)(de)(de)(de)向有(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)加速(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向上升，直到飽(bao)(bao)和。預先調(diao)(diao)(diao)好(hao)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)限幅值(zhi)，使(shi)(shi)放大(da)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)為+1V時(shi)(shi)，相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流反(fan)饋值(zhi)50A，+3V相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)150A(1.3倍(bei)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)(qi)就輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)相對應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機維持在(zai)1.3倍(bei)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流起動(dong)(dong)，直到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)接近900轉/分(fen)時(shi)(shi)，速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)給(gei)(gei)定(ding)值(zhi)與(yu)(yu)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)反(fan)饋值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)才趨向很小，速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)(qi)才從飽(bao)(bao)和區進入線性(xing)區，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流也隨著減(jian)少(shao)。直到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)與(yu)(yu)給(gei)(gei)定(ding)相等時(shi)(shi)，速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)(qi)才停(ting)止(zhi)積(ji)分(fen)，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機在(zai)給(gei)(gei)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)下(xia)負(fu)載(zai)所需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流穩定(ding)運(yun)行。

　　2、 穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)運行：系(xi)統在穩(wen)(wen)態(tai)運行時(shi)，UG-UF=0，也就(jiu)是說(shuo)速(su)度(du)給定與反(fan)饋應該是相(xiang)等(deng)的(de)，只要UG≠UF，存在著偏差(cha)，不管這個偏差(cha)多么(me)微小，由于(yu)速(su)度(du)調(diao)節(jie)器是一個比例積分(fen)環(huan)節(jie)，就(jiu) 要對這個便差(cha)進行積分(fen)，對系(xi)統作(zuo)調(diao)整，直到偏差(cha)被 才(cai)停止調(diao)整。由此可見，本系(xi)統的(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)無(wu)差(cha)度(du)是由速(su)度(du)調(diao)節(jie)器的(de)開環(huan)放大倍數(shu)、積分(fen)電容的(de)漏電電流大小、 發電機的(de)性能等(deng)因素決定的(de)。

　　3、 負載(zai)突(tu)加(jia)：假設系統(tong)在某個時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)之(zhi)前以某一(yi)速(su)度(du)(du)空(kong)載(zai)運(yun)行(xing)，此時(shi)(shi)(shi)UG=UF。在某個時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)，電(dian)機突(tu)然加(jia)額定(ding)負載(zai)，此時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)機經(jing)(jing)一(yi)小的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)常數(shu)之(zhi)后速(su)度(du)(du)下降，就使(shi)速(su)度(du)(du)給定(ding)減去速(su)度(du)(du)反(fan)饋(kui)大于零，于是速(su)度(du)(du)調節器(qi)就向(xiang)著有利(li)于加(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)調整(zheng)，直到速(su)度(du)(du)反(fan)饋(kui)與給定(ding)相等時(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)止，于是系統(tong)又(you)達(da)到了新的(de)(de)穩定(ding)。可(ke)見，無差(cha)調節系統(tong)對負載(zai)的(de)(de)變化來說，經(jing)(jing)過一(yi)個很短的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)調整(zheng)之(zhi)后，依然是無差(cha)的(de)(de)。

　　4、 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)(dong)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)(dong)， 就(jiu)(jiu)意味(wei)著(zhu)加(jia)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞兩端的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓有波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)(dong)的可能(neng)，而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)(dong)，也(ye)意味(wei)著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)有波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)(dong)的可能(neng)，這就(jiu)(jiu)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機產(chan)生了加(jia)速(su)(su)、減速(su)(su)的力矩，采用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)負反饋后，只(zhi)要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)(dong)，就(jiu)(jiu)會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)給定不等(deng)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)反饋，這就(jiu)(jiu)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)器進(jin)行調(diao)(diao)整，把觸發脈沖(chong)的相位移動(dong)(dong)一下，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保持不變。所以當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)(dong)，在還沒有引起速(su)(su)度波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)(dong)的時候，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)環就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)調(diao)(diao)整完畢。

　　5、 堵轉(zhuan)(zhuan)：當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)負載過(guo)大(da)，超過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)過(guo)載能力時(shi)(本系統整定在1.3倍(bei))或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)負載發(fa)生(sheng)故障(zhang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)被卡(ka)住時(shi)，這就(jiu)(jiu)發(fa)生(sheng)了(le)堵轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，這時(shi)如不采取措施，就(jiu)(jiu)會使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流 的(de) ，燒壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)或快(kuai)速(su)(su)熔斷保險(xian)，造成事故。現在系統采用了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流負反饋(kui)，就(jiu)(jiu)較好(hao)的(de)解(jie)決了(le)這個矛(mao)盾。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)負載過(guo)大(da)，使(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)急劇下降(jiang)，于(yu)是(shi)(shi)給(gei)定遠大(da)于(yu)速(su)(su)度(du)給(gei)定，速(su)(su)度(du)調節器飽和，由于(yu)它有(you)限副作用，故輸出等于(yu)-3V這個-3V正好(hao)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流反饋(kui)值(zhi)1.3倍(bei)相等，于(yu)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流就(jiu)(jiu)被限制在1.3倍(bei)的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這時(shi)，不管電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)怎樣的(de)下降(jiang)，即(ji)使(shi)到零，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流還是(shi)(shi)被限制在此值(zhi)。

　　以(yi)上就是 小編為大家介(jie)紹(shao)的關(guan)于(yu)直流調(diao)速(su)器的工作原理，希望可以(yi)幫(bang)助到大家!